Exterior anchoring apparatus for surface sheet



March 21, 1967 w. H. DUNKlN EXTERIOR ANCHORING APPARATUS FOR SURFACESHEET 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 5, 1965 INVENTOR. H. DUNK/N ATTORNEYMarch 21, 1967 w. H. DUNKIN 3,309,822

EXTERIOR ANCHORING APPARATUS FOR SURFACE SHEET Filed Sept. 15, 1965 3SheetsSheet Z INVENTOR, WILLIAM H. DUNK/N ATTORNEY March 21, 1967 w. H.DUNKiN EXTERIOR ANCHORING APPARATUS FOR SURFACE SHEET Filed Sept. 5,1965 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. H. DUNK/N ln/lll/AM ATTORNEY UnitedStates Patent Ofifice 3,369,822 Patented Mar. 21, 1967 3,309,822EXTERIOR ANCHORING APPARATUS FOR SURFACE SHEET William H. Dunkin,Glacier Star Rte., Deming, Wash. 98244 Filed Sept. 3, 1965, Ser. No.484,991 Claims. (Cl. 52-23) This application is a continuation-in-partof my United States patent application Ser. No. 298,731 filed July 30,1963, now abandoned, for Attaching Metal V Crimp and Corrugated or FiberGlass Sheets to the Roof or Sides of a Building. This invention relatesto anchoring apparatus for securing surfacing sheets to sheathing suchas on the roof or wall of a building. It is particularly adapted to usein connection with corrugated or V-crimp surfacing sheets.

The principal object is to provide apparatus for anchoring such sheetsurfacing material securely to sheathing without the use of fasteningelements such as nails which would penetrate the sheet material and thusprovide a hole through which water might flow, causing a roof leak.

A further object is to provide such anchoring apparatus for sheetmaterial which can be adapted for use on roofs or walls of any size orshape, and which will anchor surfacing sheets of any size or shapesecurely against displacement or being lifted by wind, yet which willnot interfere with water runoff.

Another object is to provide such anchoring apparatus, the applicationof which can be varied for different climates so that the roofing orwall sheets can be secured at locations spaced more closely or widely,as may be desired.

It is also an object to provide such sheet-anchoring apparatus which iseasy and quick to apply and to remove, and which is economical anddurable.

In general, the surfacing sheet-anchoring apparatus is composed of hookswhich engage the sheathing and edges of the surfacing sheets at spacedlocations along the surfacing sheet edges. Such hooks may clamp thesheet edges to the sheathing at such locations. Hooks at diametricallyopposite locations across the roof or wall are connected by tie membersoverlying the surface sheets, and preferably such tie members arearranged in crossing relationship to form a grid. Where the surfacingsheets are of corrugated or V-crimp structure it is preferred that oneset of tie members be located in valleys of the sheet. Also, it ispreferred that the tie members be tie rods and that the apparatusinclude tensioning means for such tie members such as bolts.

FIGURE 1 is an end elevation of a gable roof to which the surfacingsheet-anchoring apparatus of the present invention is applied, partsbeing broken away.

FIGURE 2 is a plan of a sheet-anchoring hook; FIG- URE 3 is a sideelevation of such hook and FIGURE 4 is a section through such hook takenon line 44 of FIGURE 3. FIGURE 5 is a top perspective of such hookconnected to a tie member, parts being broken away.

FIGURE 6 is a section through an alternative form of hook correspondingto FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 7 is a top perspective of a gable roof to which the surfacingsheet-anchoring apparatus is applied, parts being broken away, andFIGURE 8 is a top perspective of a portion of such roof on an enlargedscale with parts broken away.

IGURE 9 is an end elevation of a hook installation on an enlarged scaleand FIGURE 10 is a similar view of an alternative type of hook.

FIGURE 11 is a top perspective of gable roof construction showing asomewhat modified form of surfacing sheet-anchoring apparatus.

FIGURE 12 is a top perspective of an alternate form of tie rod elementof the surfacing sheet-anchoring apparatus showing parts in explodedrelationship.

FIGURE 13 is a top perspective of an alternate type of hook component ofthe surfacing sheet-anchoring apparatus.

Both corrugated metal sheets and V-crimp sheets are frequently used asroofing material. Usually such sheets are of galvanized steel oraluminum, but fiber glass reinforced resin sheet, particularly of thecorrugated type, also is used. In many instances such sheet material isused both as roof surfacing and as sidewall surfacing overlyingsheathing. conventionally such sheet material is secured to thesheathing by nails driven through the surfacing sheet into thesheathing. Such nails are usually driven through a valley of the sheetrather than through a ridge in order to bind the sheet firmly to thebacking. Such method of securing sheet always creates the danger of theroof or sidewall leaking by passage of water through the nail holes,even though a packing washer is used between the sheet and the nailhead.

Wind tends to drive under the edges of such surfacing sheets, whichworks the nails to loosen them so that the packing washer is not pressedtightly against the sheet. Also, temperature and humidity changes cancause the packing washer and the sheathing to expand and contract, whichhas a tendency to loosen the nails. For these reasons it is virtuallyimpossible to maintain a leakproof roof for any extended period. Anattempt may be made to secure the roofing more tightly against wind byusing more nails, but increasing the number of nails also increases thenumber of holes through which Water can flow. By use of the presentinvention surfacing sheets can be secured in place at as closely spacedlocations as desired without puncturing the sheet material, andconsequently without any risk of causing leaks.

In general, the present invention utilizes two expedients for securingsurfacing sheet material to sheathing underlying it, by binding thesurfacing sheet material to the sheathing at spaced locations along thehorizontal edges of the sheet material, whether used on a roof or on asidewall, and at selected locations along the sloping edges of a roof orthe upright edges of a sidewall. Second, the portions of such sheetsbetween their edges are prevented from buckling upward appreciably byties extending between opposite edges of the sheets and such tiespreferably are arranged in crossing relationship in the form of a gridto provide mutual support.

Conventional roof construction is shown in FIGURE 1 as including rafters1 to which are secured sheathing boards 2. Usually these boards are of1" X 4" or ,1" x 6" stock, and are laid with spaces 3 between the edgesof adjacent boards. Such spaces are at least an inch in width and may beconsiderably greater. In conventional construction surfacing sheets 4are nailed to the sheathing boards 2. In wall construction the framemembers 1 are the studs and the sheathing boards are nailed to them inthe same manner as in roof construction so that the sheathing boardsextend horizontally. The lengths of the surfacing sheets and the ridgesand valleys of the corrugations or crimps then extend transversely ofthe sheathing boards in both roof construction and sidewall constructionso that the ridges and valleys of the roof slope of the roof and in thesidewall the ridges and valleys are vertical.

If a slope of the roof is long or if the height of a wall is great, itis necessary to use several courses of sheets. The lower edge of eachcourse must overlap the upper edge of the next lower course to an extentsufficient to prevent snow from blowing up under the lower edge of acourse and over the upper edge of the next lower course to make a snowleak. Such overlap should therefore be at least a couple of inches. Agreater lap is required if the lower edge of an upper course is not helddown securely. In using corrugated surfacing sheets, therefore, it isnot practical to secure such sheets by nailing through only portions ofsuch sheets over which the lower ends of upper sheets lie, as is thepractice in laying shingles. To anchor the upper and lower edges of suchsurfacing sheets to the sheathing boards books 5 are hooked over thesheet edge and an underlying sheathing board 2 at intervals along suchedges. In order to enable the sheet edges to be anchored securely inthis fashion it is desirable for the sheathing boards to be located sothat the upper end of each sheet is located flush with the upper edge ofa sheathing board, and the lower end of the lowest surfacing sheetcourse is flush with the lower edge of the lowest sheathing board, asshown at the right of FIGURE 1.

The hooks 5 are of special construction, as shown in FIGURES 2 to 5. Theend portion 6 of the hook which engages beneath the sheathing is flatand of a length to provide a good grip on the sheathing. The oppositeside 7 of the hook preferably is curved transversely of its length witha curvature substantially cornplemental to the exterior curvature of thecorrugated sheet valley with which the hook is to be used. If the hookis to be used with V-crimp sheet material, as shown in FIGURE 10. Thehook side 7 should be of complemental V-groove shape like the hook side7' in FIGURE 6. The length of such hook side should be equal to theoverlap of the lower edge of an upper course over the upper edge of alower course.

The side or end portion 6 of the hook and the side 7 or 7' of the hookare joined by a web portion 8 of an extent between such portions equalto the combined thickness of a sheathing board and of a sheet to beclamped to such sheathing board, which will be slightly more than A ofan inch, as shown in FIGURE 1. When the clamp is fitted over the edge ofa sheathing board and the overlying end of a surface sheet, therefore,the clamp hook will hold the sheet edge snugly against the sheathingboard edge. To facilitate putting the hook in place, and subsequentlysecuring such hook in place a lug 9 is provided upstanding from the endof the hook side 7 opposite the hook web 8.

When the hooks 5 are applied to a roof or sidewall they should bearranged so that the hooks at opposite ends of any sheet are in registrywith corresponding corrugation valleys. The hooks engaging opposite endsof each valley are then secured together by a tie, which preferably isin the form of a tie rod 10, which may be formed with eyes 11 at itsopposite ends. Such tie rods will -be shorter than the length of asurfacing sheet by an amount equal to twice the length of a hook side 7plus a short distance to be spanned by tightening bolts 12. Such boltsextend through apertures in the lugs 9 of the hooks 5 and connect suchlugs with the adjacent eyes of the tie rods. Preferably these eyes arebent at right angles to the shanks of the tie rods so that such shankscan be received in the valleys of corrugated or V-crirnp sheets toassistant in keeping such valleys close to the sheathing under windyconditions.

In applying the surfacing sheet-anchoring apparatus shown in FIGURES 1to 6, the framing rafters or studs 1 and sheathing 2 are assembled inconventional fashion; Next, the lower course of surfacing sheets is laidand hooks 5 are engaged with the upper and lower edges of such sheetsand the underlying sheathing boards at desired intervals, as indicatedin FIGURE 7. Through the holes in the upper and lower hook lugs 9 areextended headless bolts 12 with threads on opposite ends, althoughheaded bolts can be used for the lower hooks, if desired.

The eyes 11 of the tie rods are then fitted over the bolt shanks andnuts are screwed onto such shanks until the upper and lower hooks 5 areheld tightly in engagement with the sheathing board edges and the tierod 10 4: is held under reasonable tension in its surfacing sheetvalley, as shown in FIGURES 7, 8, 9 and 10.

The next higher course of surfacing sheets is then applied. The loweredges of such sheets will extend down over the sides 7 of the upperhooks and such edges will engage the lugs 9 of the upper hooks.Consequently the lower edges of the sheets of this course will overlapthe upper edges of the sheets of the next lower course by the distancebetween the lugs 9 and webs 8 of the hooks automatically, which distancemay, for example, be two inches. The upper ends of the surfacing sheetsof this course will then be clamped to sheathing boards by hooks 5 in asimilar manner, such hooks being located in troughs of the sheetmaterial corresponding to the valleys which overlie the sides 7 of thehooks along the lower edge of such sheets. Bolts 12 are then insertedthrough apertures in the lugs of such upper hooks and the eyes 11 of tierods 10 are placed over such bolts and the bolts of the lugs at thelower end of such sheets. The nuts on such bolts are tightened to holdthe tie rods firmly in the valleys of the surfacing sheets and to drawthe upper clamping hooks into close engagement with the edges of thesheathing boards and the upper ends of the surfacing sheets overlyingsuch boards.

The procedure described above is repeated for each successive course ofsurfacing sheets up to the ridge of a gable roof. Such ridge can becovered by a ridgecap 13 of sheet material shown in FIGURES 1 and 7. Theupper edges of the upper courses of surfacing sheets and the lower edgesof the ridgecap should be disposed in overlapping relationshipcorresponding to the overlapping relationship between the upper sheetedges of one course and the lower sheet edges of the next higher course,as shown in FIGURE 1. The lower edge portions of such ridgecap can beheld in place, as shown in FIGURES 1 and 7, by hooks 5 engaging theopposite gable ends of the roof, which hooks are connected by horizontalties preferably in the form of tie rods 10, as previously described.Such tie rods also can be tensioned by bolts 12 connecting the lug 9 ofthe clamp and the adjacent eye 11 of the tie rod. Such bolt can bethreaded at opposite ends, or may have a head on one end and a nut onthe other end. While the tie rod 10 used at this location can be of alength to span virtually the entire length of the roof such tie rod canbe composed of a plurality of tie rod sections secured in end-to-endrelationship. Such tie rods should be made available in lengthsapproximately six inches shorter than the lengths of the surface sheetscustomarily used.

In order to deter buckling of the surfacing sheets at locations betweenthe tie means received in valleys of such sheets horizontal ties can beextended over the surfacing sheets and the ties received in theirvalleys. Such horizontal ties again can be tie rods 10, as shown in FIG-URE 11. These tie rods extend between and connect hooks engaging theends of the roof or wall structure sheathing. While, as discussed inconnection with FIG- URE 7, hooks 5, as described above, can be used forthis purpose it is preferred that a modified type of hook 14, shown inFIGURES 11 and 12, be used. This hook has a fiat end portion 15 forengagement with the under or inner side of a sheathing board and anouter and preferably longer end portion 16, intended to overlap the edgeportion of a surfacing sheet, as shown in FIGURE 11.

The web 17 connecting the hook end portions 15 and 16 is of a lengthequal to the sum of the thickness of a sheathing board, the overallthickness of a surfacing sheet and the thickness of the tie to beengaged with the hook. A hole 18 is then provided in such web adjacentto the outer end portion 16 of the hook so that the tie rod can extendbeneath such outer end portion and through the web 17 to be anchored bya nut. Such tie rod must therefore have a threaded end 19 to passthrough the hole 18 instead of having an eye on its end. The oppositeend of such tie rod also can be threaded to pass through the hole 18 ofthe opposite book 14, as shown in FIGURE 11, or the tie rod can be ahook bolt having a long shank and a hook 20 having a throat wide enoughto embrace the sheathing and surfacing sheet at one edge of the roof.

In FIGURES 11 and 13 an optional component of the surfacingsheet-anchoring apparatus is shown in the form of a pothook. One end 21of this pothook preferably is angular and has a throat of a width to fitsnugly a sheathing board and an overlying edge of a surfacing sheet soas to clamp such surfacing sheet to the sheathing board edge. The shank22 of the hook is of a length corresponding to the desired overlap ofthe lower edge of an upper course sheet over the upper edge of the nextlower course sheet. The hook 23 at the end of the shank opposite thehook 20 has a throat of a width to receive in it a ridge of a corrugatedor crimped sheet.

The manner in which such pothooks are used is shown in FIGURE 11. Thesquare hook engages over the upper edge of a sheathing board and thehook shank 22 overlies the upper edge of a surfacing sheet in a lowercourse and underlies the lower edge of the surfacing sheet in the nextupper course. Such lower edge then engages in the hook 23 both toprevent the sheet from sliding down and to assist in limiting lifting ofthe lower edge of the sheet. Such lower sheet edge is further restrainedfrom being lifted by Wind by a tie rod extending horizontally over thelower edge portion of the sheet, and the tie rods extending parallel tothe ridges and valleys of the sheet,

as shown in FIGURE 11. The tie rods are thus disposed 3 in crossingrelationship to form a grid overlying the entire surfacing sheetstructure. In such grid the tie rods extending parallel to the ridgesand valleys of the surfacing sheets can either be of the type disclosedin FIGURE 7, or of the type illustrated in FIGURE 12, which are shown inplace in FIGURE 11.

It will be evident that the hook and tie surfacing sheetanchoringapparatus described above can be removed as readily as it is installed.Use of such apparatus therefore facilitates repair of a roof by enablingonly selected sheets to be replaced, for example. Also, since the sheetshave not been damaged by nail holes they can be removed from one roof orwall and used again. Sheets which have been nailed in place are seldomsuitable for further use because the holes in such sheets usually areenlarged in the process of removing the nails securing such sheets inplace.

I claim as my invention:

1. Anchoring apparatus for surface sheets overlying sheathing,comprising hook means engaging an edge portion of a sheet and sheathingtherebeneath, hold-down tie-rod means closely overlying such surfacesheet and in engagement therewith, one of said means having an eyeprojecting above such surface sheet, bolt means connected to the otherof said means and extending through said eye, and nut means securingsaid bolt means in said eye.

2. The anchoring apparatus defined in claim 1, in which the hook meanshas the eye and the bolt means is connected to the tie-rod means.

3. The anchoring apparatus defined in claim 1, in which both the hookmeans and the tie-rod means have eyes and the .bolt means extend throughboth eyes and are connected thereto by nut means.

4. The anchoring apparatus defined in claim 2, in which tie-rod meansare provided at oppoiste sides of the hook means eye, and the bolt meansextend through the hook means eye and are connected to both of thetie-rod means.

5. The anchoring apparatus defined in claim 1, and additional tie-rodmeans transversely crossing said holddown tie-rod means in overlyingrelationship.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 352,424 11/1886Owen et al 5223 670,753 3/ 1901 Abeleven 52547 X 1,085,158 1/1914 Pries52-537 X 1,273,399 7/1918 OConnor 52469 X 1,574,099 2/1926 Kridler 525472,874,651 2/1959 Peterson 52-520 X 3,088,558 5/1963 Dickinson 5223FOREIGN PATENTS 1,327,287 4/1963 France.

10,274 5/ 1894 Great Britain.

160,906 3/1921 Great Britain.

545,965 7/ 6 Italy.

614,727 1/ 1961 Italy.

F RANK L. ABBOTT, Primary Examiner.

A. C. PERHAM, Assistant Examiner.

1. ANCHORING APPARATUS FOR SURFACE SHEETS OVERLYING SHEATHING,COMPRISING HOOK MEANS ENGAGING AN EDGE PORTION OF A SHEET AND SHEATHINGTHEREBENEATH, HOLD-DOWN TIE-ROD MEANS CLOSELY OVERLYING SUCH SURFACESHEET AND IN ENGAGEMENT THEREWITH, ONE OF SAID MEANS HAVING AN EYEPROJECTING ABOVE SUCH SURFACE SHEET, BOLT MEANS CONNECTED TO THE OTHEROF SAID MEANS AND EXTENDING THROUGH SAID EYE, AND NUT MEANS SECURINGSAID BOLT MEANS IN SAID EYE.